对换R1、R2,电流表示数不变,即总电阻不变
R1+R2R3/(R2+R3)=R2+R1R3/(R1+R3)
(R1R2+R1R3+R2R3)/(R2+R3)=(R1R2+R1R3+R2R3)/(R1+R3)
R2+R3=R1+R3
即R1=R2(也可以不证明,因为相同自然可以互换)
设R1=R2=R
总电流与总电阻成反比关系
[R+RR3/(R+R3)]:(R3+0.5R)=I2:I1=2:3
2R3+R=3×[(R²+2RR3)/(R+R3)]
R²+3RR3+2R3²=3R²+6RR3
2R3²-3RR3-2R²=0
(2R3+R)(R3-2R)=0
R2=2R=2R1=2R2
R1:R2:R3=1:1:2
当S1,S2,S3闭合时,R2短路,电流流经R1,R3,,是并联电路。
所以 l总=I1+I3=U1/R1+U3/R3=1.6A,且是并联,所以U1=U3=U
又由题:P3=4.8W=U^2/R3
当只闭合S1时,R3断路,电流流经R1,R2,是串联电路。
I总=I1=I2=U1/R1=4/R1,
P2=U2I2=(U-U1)I总=(U-4)I总=3.2w
联立以上4个方程解得U=12v,R1=10Ω,R3=30Ω.
此时P1=U1^2/R1=16/10=1.6W